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International relations theory is the study of international relations from a theoretical perspective; it attempts to provide a conceptual framework upon which international relations can be analyzed.〔http://www.irtheory.com/〕 Ole Holsti describes international relations theories as acting like pairs of coloured sunglasses that allow the wearer to see only salient events relevant to the theory; ''e.g. ''an adherent of realism may completely disregard an event that a constructivist might pounce upon as crucial, and vice versa. The three most popular theories are realism, liberalism and constructivism.〔Snyder, Jack, 'One World, Rival Theories, Foreign Policy, 145 (November/December 2004), p.52〕 International relations theories can be divided into "positivist/rationalist" theories which focus on a principally state-level analysis, and "post-positivist/reflectivist" ones which incorporate expanded meanings of security, ranging from class, to gender, to postcolonial security. Many often conflicting ways of thinking exist in IR theory, including constructivism, institutionalism, Marxism, neo-Gramscianism, and others. However, two positivist schools of thought are most prevalent: realism and liberalism; though increasingly, constructivism is becoming mainstream.〔Reus-Smit, Christian. "Constructivism." ''Theories of International Relations'', ed. Scott Burchill ... (al. ), pp.209, 216. Palgrave, 2005.〕 ==Introduction== The study of International relations as theory can be traced to E. H. Carr's ''The Twenty Years' Crisis'' which was published in 1939 and to Hans Morgenthau's ''Politics Among Nations'' published in 1948.〔Burchill, Scott and Linklater, Andrew "Introduction" ''Theories of International Relations'', ed. Scott Burchill ... (al. ), p.1. Palgrave, 2005.〕 International relations as a discipline is believed to have emerged after the First World War with the establishment of a Chair of International Relations at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth.〔Burchill, Scott and Linklater, Andrew "Introduction" ''Theories of International Relations'', ed. Scott Burchill ... (al. ), p.6. Palgrave, 2005.〕 Early international relations scholarship in the interwar years focused on the need for the balance of power system to be replaced with a system of collective security. These thinkers were later described as "Idealists".〔Burchill, Scott and Linklater, Andrew "Introduction" ''Theories of International Relations'', ed. Scott Burchill ... (al. ), p.7. Palgrave, 2005.〕 The leading critique of this school of thinking was the "realist" analysis offered by Carr. However, a more recent study by David Long and Brian Schmidt in 2005, offers a revisionist account of the origins of the field International Relations. They claim, that the history of the field can be traced back to late 19th Century imperialism and internationalism. The fact that the history of the field is presented by "great debates", such as the realist-idealist debate does not correspond with the historic evidence found in earlier works: "We should once and for all dispense with the outdated anachronistic artifice of the debate between the idealists and realists as the dominant framework for and understanding the history of the field". Their revisionist account claims that up until 1918, International Relations already existed in the form of colonial administration, race science and race development. Explanatory and constitutive approaches in international relations theory is a distinction made when classifying international relations theories. Explanatory theories are ones which see the world as something external to theorize about it. A constitutive theory is one which believes that theories actually help construct the world.〔Smith,Owens, "Alternative approaches to international theory", "The Globalisation of World Politics", Baylis, Smith and Owens, OUP, 4th ed p176-177〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「international relations theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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